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注意力缺陷与多动障碍(Attention Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder,ADHD)是最常见儿童期的行为问题,主要表现为3大核心症状,即注意缺陷、过度活动、行为冲动〔1〕。根据美国精神疾病诊断及分类第5版(DSM-V)诊断系统来看,学龄期儿童患注意力缺陷多动障碍居首位。国内调查显示,学龄儿童中的诊断率在1.3%~13.4%〔2〕,男孩多于女孩,男女比例为2~3∶1〔3〕,70.0%的患儿症状持续到青春期,30.0%的患儿症状持续到成年期,成年后出现反社会
Attention Deficit / Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) is the most common behavioral problem in childhood, which is characterized by three core symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity and behavioral impulse [1]. According to the DSM-V diagnostic system in the United States, school-age children have the highest prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Domestic survey shows that the diagnosis rate of school-age children in 1.3% ~ 13.4% 〔2〕, more boys than girls, male to female ratio of 2 to 3: 1 〔3〕, 70.0% of children with symptoms continued to adolescence, 30.0% Children with symptoms continue into adulthood, anti-social adult appear