天基GPS探测可以提供分布全球、高精度、高垂直分辨率的电离层观测资料,弥补地基GPS探测受地域限制、垂直分辨率低的问题.利用COSMIC掩星2008—2011年数据,网格化统计分析了太阳活动处于不同水平下的电子密度空间分布变化,以期为分析电离层电子密度的空间扰动变化提供参考背景.研究表明,电子密度存在明显赤道异常和威德尔海异常现象,并发现随太阳活动性增强,在250~350km高度范围电子密度赤道异常现象扩展到中纬地区,在300~500km高度范围威德尔海异常现象不仅发生在南半球夏季,春秋季电子密度夜间值比白天也显著增强;在250~500km高度范围,电子密度存在明显的威德尔海异常现象,并随着太阳活动性增强,异常区域地理范围扩宽. Space-based GPS detection can provide global, high-precision and high-resolution ionospheric observations to make up for geographical limitations and low vertical resolution of ground-based GPS exploration.Using COSMIC occultation data from 2008 to 2011, The spatial distribution of electron density at different levels of solar activity was statistically analyzed in order to provide a reference background for analyzing the spatial perturbations of ionospheric electron density.The results show that the electron density has obvious equatorial anomalies and Weddell Sea anomalies In the range of 250 ~ 350 km, the equatorial anomalies of electron density extended to middle latitudes. The Weddell Sea anomaly in the range of 300 ~ 500 km not only occurred in summer in the southern hemisphere, but also significantly increased in the spring and autumn In the height range of 250-500 km, there is an obvious Weddell Sea anomaly in the electron density. As the solar activity increases, the geographical range of the anomalous region widens.