对株型和穗粒性状的加性基因效应、ＧＣＡ、ＳＣＡ、遗传及杂种优势相关分析结果表明：株型与穗粒性状加性基因效应的相关多不显著，部分ＧＣＡ，ＳＣＡ及遗传相关显著，说明在自交系选育过程中，株型和穗粒性状可同时改进，但减小叶夹角、增大叶向值的紧凑株型育种对穗长、行粒数不利；叶夹角、叶向值的中亲杂种优势均为负值，但其对产量和穗粒性状的杂种优势无显著直接影响。要组配出紧凑株型杂交种，必须首先选育和利用紧凑型亲本自交系 The results of GCA, SCA, heredity and heterosis showed that there was no significant correlation between additive genotypes of plant type and ear grain trait, some GCA, SCA and genetic correlation were significant , Indicating that plant type and grain-ear traits can be improved simultaneously in the process of inbred line selection. However, compact plant-type breeding which reduced the angle between leaves and increased the value of leaf orientation was unfavorable to the spike length and grain number; , The mid-parent heterosis of leaf-orientation value was negative, but had no significant direct impact on the heterosis of grain yield and grain-ear traits. To assemble a compact plant type hybrid, you must first breed and use of compact parental inbred lines