Objective: To observe the influence of treatment based on Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)pattem identification of the cellular immunophenotype of myelodysplastic syndrome.Methods: According to the IPSSscoring system (the classification of risk levels), 60 patients with MDSwere equally divided into three groups(low risk, moderate risk and high risk). The 20 patients in each group were further randomly divided into a treatment group(treatment based on TCMpattem identification combined with conventional therapy)and a control group(conventional therapy). For the treatment groups, the low risk group was given pills of Zuogui (左 归丸) and Yougui (右归丸), the moderate risk group was given decoctions of Qingwen Baidu(清瘟败毒饮)and Bazhen(八珍汤),and the high risk group was given decoctions of Gexia Zhuyu(膈下逐淤汤), Qinghao Biejia(青蒿鳖 甲汤), and Shiquan Dabu(十全大补汤) . After treatment, the differences in the overall response rate and immunophenotype expression (CD13, CD14, CD15, CD33, and CD34)of each group were analyzed.Results:The overall response rate of the treatment groups was 83.3%,which was significantly higher than that of control groups(p<0.05). The expression of CD13, CD14,CD33,and CD34 in the treatment groups was significantlydecreased after treatment, whereas CD15 expression in the treatment groups was signiticantlyincreased after treatment.Significant differences were noted in the subdivided treatment groups before and after treatment compared with the control groups.Conclusion:MDSpatients treated with TCMpattem identification have better results than those treated with conventional therapy.It is a feasible option in clinical practice as the treatment may inhibit malignant clones and attenuate the dysmaturity of granulocyte differentiation.