Insulin-like peptides(ILPs)connecting the nutritional status with proliferation and juvenile hormone(JH)regulating of vitellogenesis has been known for a long time in several insects.
Dastarcus helophoroides is an ectoparasitoid beetle of Monochamus alternatus,and the parasitism by D.helophoroides larvae remarkably influenced on the immune responses of M.alternatus larvae in many a
Salicylic acid(SA)is one of the ubiquitously endogenous signal molecules in plant,which has been recognized as a kind of hormones,and plays an important role in induced plant defense against herbivore
With the wide spread use of avermectins for management of parasitic and agricultural infections,the resistance of worms and insects to insecticides has emerged as a major threat to worldwide health an
The current studies were carried out to evaluate the resistance to the Pakistani populations of oriental leafworm moth,armyworm,Spodoptera litura(F)with various insecticides.
Adipokinetic hormone(AKH)is an important neuropeptide,Which has been studied extensively in mobilizing lipid,carbohydrate and proline to support energy for flighting,walking,reproduction and other ene