Self-assembly is a fundamental strategy to build life system in nature.Recently,the self-assembly of peptides has attracted great attention due to the flexible design of peptide molecules and diversity of assembly structures and functions.Up to now,self-assemblies based on peptides have been widely applied in fields ranging from drug delivery,gene transfection,tissue engineering to biosensoring.Herein,taking diphenylalanine peptides and its derivatives as building block,we have constructed a series of assemblies with 1D,2D and 3D structures.Moreover,the controlled assembly of diphenylalanine peptides has also been performed through efficient strategies including changing concentration,altering solvents and introducing adventives small molecules to assembly systems.These assembly structures which possess excellent optical and biological properties may be potentially applied in optical waveguiding,cell labeling,cell culture and gene transfection.