Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV)is the causal agent of(KS)，a common cancer in AIDS patients．The risk factors for KSHV infection have been extensively studied in Westem countries but remain largely undefined in other parts of the World．Schistosomiasis caused by infection of Schistosoma japonicum is recently identified as a cofactor for KSHV infection in rural Egypt．In this study，we examined the seroprevalence of KSHV in a population with high incidence of Schistomasis along the Yangtze River in China．The seroprevalence of KSHV is slightly higher in subjects with than without Schistosomiasis but it is not statistically significant(8.4％VS.6.6％，P=0.204)．The seroprevalence of KSHV is significantly higher in female than male subjects(9.3％VS．5.9％，OR：1.621，95％CI.1．084-2.425，P=0.019)．When adjusted for gender，the seroprevalence of KSHV is significantly higher in subjects with than without Schistosomiasis in male subjects(8.4％VS.2.8％，OR：3.170，95％CI：1.501-6.694，P=0.002)．