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Study design.Retrospective clinical series. Objective.To assess the long-term clinical and radiological outcomes of Coflex interspinous implantation for the treatment of degenerative lumbar diseases. Summary of background data.Coflex interspinous instrumentation has been used for the treatment of degenerative lumbar diseases for several years.However,there are few studies about the long-term efficacy of Coflex instrumentation in the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases in Chinese patients. Methods.Thirty-two patients underwent single-level Coflex interspinous instrumentation for the treatment of degenerative lumbar diseases with at least five-year follow up were enrolled in our study.Visual analog scale(VAS)for leg and back pain,and Oswestry Disability Index(ODI)were evaluated preoperatively and at final follow-up.Radiological indices were assessed preoperatively,one month postoperatively and at final follow-up. Results.The mean duration of follow-up was 65.7 months.The mean VAS scores for leg and back pain and the ODI score improved significantly at final follow-up(P < 0.001).The anterior disc height and posterior disc height of the implanted segment decreased significantly at final follow-up(P =0.036 and 0.001,respectively).The foraminal height decreased significantly at final follow-up(P =0.023).The lumbar lordosis at final follow-up increased significantly(P = 0.002).The segmental lordotic angle decreased significantly at final follow-up.After Coflex implantation,the range of motion(ROM)of the lumbar lordosis had no significant change,the ROM of instrumented segment also decreased significantly.However,the ROM of adjacent intervertebral angles had no significant change after Coflex implantation. Conclusion: Coflex interspinous stabilization leads to restoration of lumbar lordosis and reduction of segmental lordotic angle at the instrumented segment.Coflex interspinous implantation significantly reduced the range of motion of the instrumented segment,while had no significantl effect on range of motion of the adjacent intervertebral angles.Although the Coflex interspinous stabilization is not able to maintain the anterior and posterior disc height and foraminal height of the instrumented segment,it provides sustained improved clinical outcomes after a long-term follow-up.