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We studied the cross-talk between immune cell subsets and tumor/stem cells in the tumor microenvironment and its impact on tumor immunity and therapy.Our prior research efforts demonstrated that the tumor microenvironment is comprised of immune cells that have been reprogrammed by active tumor-mediated processes to defeat tumor-specific immunity and promote tumor growth in a highly effective manner.These studies have helped define the nature of immune responses in the tumor microenvironment.They have also provided new insights into designing novel immune therapies to target the immune suppressive mechanisms (i.e., Tregs and inhibitory B7 family members) that treat patients with cancer.In this study, we focus on the interaction between tumor cells and host immune system in the cancer microenvironment of patients.