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Objective: This study investigated the effect of resistant maltodextrin(RMD)on reproduction in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced type 2 diabetic male rats.Methods: Forty male rats were induced with diabetes by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ(50 mg/kg)and nicotinamide(100 mg/kg).Five groups were analyzed in total: normal,Diabetic rats without RMD,diabetic rats with RMD 1.2 g/100 g diet(1×),with RMD 2.4 g/100 g(2×),and with RMD 6.0 g/100 g(5×).Results: The groups of diabetic rats with the RMD supplement,compared to those without supplement,showed improved plasma glucose control,attenuated insulin resistance and recovery of testosterone level & spermatogenesis stage.The STZ-induced diabetes mellitus(DM)caused a significant reduction in serum testosterone,testis androgen receptor(AR),steroidogenic acute regulatory protein(StAR)and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase(3β-HSD)protein,but a statistical recovery in each of these was observed in the 5× group.TUNELpositive cells were observed in the Diabetic without RMD group and RMD treatment reduced apoptotic germ cells.The expression of Bax/Bcl2 was induced in the diabetic group and also significantly reduced in the 5× group.Conclusions: Dietary RMD may improve metabolic control in STZ-induced diabetic rats and attenuate hyperglycemia-related impaired male reproduction and testicular function.