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Aim: Xiaochaihutang (XCHT) has been used in China for thousands of years to treat "Shaoyang syndrome", which involves depressive-like symptoms.Previous studies in our laboratory have showed that XCHT produced antidepressant-like action in rodent behavioral despair models.The present study was aimed to investigate the mechanism(s) underlying the antidepressant-like effect by measuring brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its primary receptor tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) in rat hippocampus.