论文部分内容阅读
Objective: To explore the relationships between the memories and the neuroendocrine system and cytokines in the patients with insomnia disorder (ID).Methods: 21 ID patients, 25 patients with insomnia comorbid-depression (ICD) and 20 matched controls were enrolled.The memory was evaluated with Nine Box Maze Test and self-assessment.The morning serum concentrations of endocrine hormones and cytokines were detected.Results: Compared to the normal controls, the ID patients had more total error numbers and errors of spatial working memory and object recognition memory in the memory test, and the ICD patients had poorer records in all memory assessments.The total error number was less in the ID patients compared to the ICD patients.The insomniacs had higher morning levels of hormones and cytokines, including corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH), thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), adenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), cortisol, total triiodothyronine (TT3), and total thyroxine (TT4), interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), except ACTH and TSH in the ID patients.However, the ID group had higher levels of CRH, cortisol, TT3 and TT4, and lower levels of TRH, GnRH, ACTH, interleukin-1β and TNF-α than the ICD group.The increased scores of Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 items and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were associated with poorer cognitive or memory measures.Interestingly, after controlling the confounding of age, sex, educated level, and index of sleep and emotion, only cortisol level was negatively correlated with the errors of object recognition memory, and TSH was positively correlated with the errors of object working memory.Conclusion: The ID patients did have decline in some aspects of memory, at least in the spatial working memory and object recognition memory.Though the ID patients had changes of the morning levels in many hormones and some cytokines, but the memory impairment was more possibly associated with the changes of sleep quality and mood, instead of the hormones and cytokines.