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宪法是国家的根本大法,具有最高法律效力,是制定其他法律的依据。为了维护宪法的最高权威性,监督宪法的实施,世界上许多国家建立了违宪审查制度。违宪审查制度(又称司法审查制度)是一项宪法保障制度,它是指国家司法机关通过法定程序,对立法或行政是否违反宪法作出审查和裁决的制度。美国和联邦德国就是其中两个比较有代表性的国家。
The Constitution is the fundamental law of the country with the highest legal effect and is the basis for formulating other laws. In order to safeguard the supreme authority of the constitution and to supervise the implementation of the constitution, many countries in the world have established a constitutional review system. The constitutional review system (also known as the judicial review system) is a constitutional safeguard system, which refers to the system through which the judicial organs of the state pass the legal procedures to examine and decide whether the legislation or the administration violates the Constitution. The United States and the Federal Republic of Germany are two of the more representative countries.