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We report the design and synthesis of a room-temperature colorimetric mercury detection system that utilizes oligonucleotide-tethered gold nanoparticle probes and thymine-Hg2+-thymine (T-Hg2+-T) coordination chemistry.Introduction of mercuric ions into an aqueous solution containing the nanoparticle probes and an appropriate oligonucleotide linker triggered the formation of nanoparticle aggregates with a concomitant red-to-pinkish colorimetric response.