论文部分内容阅读
With the trends of rapidly ageing and urbanization in China,daily travel as an important aspect reflecting the life quality of older people,is negative influenced by the pollution environment from urban and transport planning.Germany is one of the most aging countries in Europe,which has achieved effectiveness in improving the urban environment and promoting social participation for the elderly by the coordination of residential area and transport planning.This paper at first reviewed the literatures for German elderly travel behavior,regarding travel mode,different scales of cities have effected the travel mode choices of German elderly peoples: public transport in large city is advance than small cities,the coordination of public transport and bicycle could take place of car use.No matter in large cities or small cities,walking is the most important travel mode for elderly people.Different travel need more travel modes.Leisure,shopping were the main travel purposes.Then a historic district of Ostheim in Stuttgart-East as case study,the investigation for this a historic residential district includes: functional layout,street network,and traffic infrastructure etc.Finally summarized experiences in suitable for ageing daily travel,which help us plan elderly travel friendly residential area.In conclusions,though Germany has a high car capacity,its low rates of road accidents showed that the travel safety for elderly had been improved.Walk and public transport would be the main travel modes for the German elderly of the over age 65.Shopping and leisure were the main travel purposes.Coordinated planning of residential and transport provided the safe environment for meeting the travel requirements of elderly as following aspects:1) Location of the town center was planned as the center of commercial,traffic and social life.Mixed function layout made all the public facilities round the center of town in short distance can be reached easily on foot for elderly.Concentration of a variety of traffic modes can be transfer each other.2) Human scale block,dense street network,and broad sidewalk consisted a continuous and pedestrianfriendly walk network.3) A series of environment-friendly traffic measures help street spaces realize the car speed limit and pedestrian priority.Such as 30km zone,pedestrian zone,and narrowed street junction,and ordered on-street parking.4) Accessibility of city center were realized by a comprehensive public transport system that meet the social participation of elderly to travel farther and safer.5)Coordination planning of public transportation between space,time,the different ways in the residential area,ensure accessibility and the security to public transport stops for older persons.With the change of times,the old residential area like Ostheim had not only maintained the traditional features,but also realized the aging friendly travel environment by the mixed land use and environmental transport planning.It is a good model for us to learn the sustainable policies of urban regeneration under the background with hash traffic conditions and aging society.