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The survival of parasitic insects depends on the successful manipulation of host plants.For galling insects,the formation of galls and nutritive cells is a necessary condition for an insect to survive and develop.By targeting the genes that are required for gall formation,durable resistance in plants to galling insects may be developed without using resistance genes.We have identified a gene,called Mayetiola susceptibility gene one(Mds-1),which is required for nutritive cell formation at the feeding site in wheat in response to Hessian fly attack.Ectopic expression of Mds-1 in wheat plants containing a Hessian fly-resistance gene converts the otherwise resistant plants susceptible.Silencing of Mds-1 in plants without a resistance gene makes the otherwise susceptible plants resistant to Hessian fly attack.Manipulation of plant genes that are required for nutritive cell formation may provide durable resistance in plants to a wide range of parasitic arthropods.