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This study investigates the influence of social structures on the meaning and value of resources.Although understanding resources from a sociological perspective is equally important for the competitive advantage of organizations,prior studies on what a resource is and how a resource become valuable have been conducted within an economic perspective.This study examines the meaning and value of resources within a social structure to extend the boundary conditions of existing research on resources.Based on a two-step content analysis of the meaning and value of resources in Chinese universities,this study identifies three types of social-oriented resources(resources that help organizations achieve social goals) which contrast the economic-oriented resources(resources that help organizations achieve economic goals) in markets.We also find three strategies that create the value of the social-oriented resources.The findings of the meaning and value of social-oriented resources uncover the sociality of resources that complement the economic perspective and highlight the importance of understanding organizational competitive advantage from a sociological perspective.