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In recent years,airborne particulate matter pollution events have occurred frequently in China during the winter.Most studies have focused on the physical and chemical composition of polluted air.Some studies have examined the bacterial bioaerosols both indoors and outdoors.But few studies focused on the relationship between air pollution and bacteria,especially pathogenic bacteria.Airborne PM samples of different diameters and different air quality index (AQI) values were collected from December 2014 to January 2015 in Hangzhou.High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA was used to categorize the airborne bacteria according to the family or genus.Based on the NCBI database,the "Human Pathogen Database" which is related to human health was established.Among all the PM samples,the diversity of total bacteria was low in the moderately or heavily polluted air.However,in PM2.5 and PM10 samples,the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria was the highest in the moderately or heavily polluted air.Considering the PM samples of different particle sizes,the diversity of the total bacteria and the proportion of pathogenic bacteria in the PM10 samples were different from those in the PM2.5 and TSP samples.The composition of PM samples with different sizes range may be responsible for the variance.The relative humidity,carbon monoxide and ozone concentrations were the main factors that affected the diversity of total bacteria and the proportion of pathogenic bacteria.Among the different environmental samples,the compositions of total bacteria in all the airbome PM samples were very similar but were completely different from those in the water,surface soil,and ground dust samples.Long-distance transport of the airflow may influence the composition of the airborne bacteria.This study of the pathogenic bacteria in airbome PM samples can provide reference for environmental and public health researchers.Capsule: Different concentrations and sizes of particulate matter and varied environmental factors were related to the variance of total bacteria and pathogenic bacteria.