Actinobacteria harbor an enormous potential for new bioactive secondary metabolites and therefore the isolation of in particular new groups is of great interest.Bacteria play a vital role in various biogeochemical processes in wetland and lacustrine sediment ecosystems.The diversity and metabolic potential of actinomycetes from the Xinghu Wetland Park,were evaluated by using the cultivation-independent and cultivation-dependent methods in this study.Illumina sequencing targeting the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene showed that bacterial communities consisted of 20 different prokaryotic phyla.The mostabundant phyla were Proteobacteria,followed by Acidobacteria,Actinobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Chloroflexi,Gemmatimonadetes,Planctomycetes,Cyanobacteria and Firmicutes,which together accounted for 95.0% (ranging between 93.4 and 96.6%)of the total taxon tags.A total of 135representative actinomycetes were isolated and 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis indicated that these isolates belonged to 13 genera within 11 families,among which themembers of the genus Streptomyces were predominant.Fermentation broths from 28.9% (24/83) of the isolated strains showed activity in at least one of the three screens for antibiotic activity.PCR-based screening for biosynthetic genes including PKS-Ⅰ,PKS-Ⅱ,NRPS and AHBA showed that 16out of 24 actinomycete isolates encoded each at least one type of the biosynthetic gene.