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AIM This study was designed to investigate whether MicroRNA (miRNA) is involved in pathological processes relevant to human cardiac disease, in addition to its role in regulating development.METHODS Rat model of myocardial infarction was performed.The human tissues were from six rejected hearts of healthy persons and from seven explanted hearts of CAD individuals.MiR-1 levels were measured using miRNA Detection Kit.Intramuscular injections were made in approximately 10 sites before coronary artery occlusion.The K+ current IK1 was measured using whole-cell patch-clamp.Conduction velocity was measured on the ventricular epicardial surface in perfused hearts.RESULTS MiR-1 is overexpressed in individuals with coronary artery disease, and that when overexpressed in normal or infarcted rat hearts, it exacerbates arrhythmogenesis.