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[Objective] To investigate the activation modes of spinal cord dorsal horn (SCDH)transient receptor potential vanilloid typel (TRPV1) at maintenance period of neuropathic pain and the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) with low frequency.[Methods] SD rats were randomly divided into Normal, Sham spared nerve injury(SNI), SNI and SNI + EA groups, 8 animals per group.Rat neuropathic pain model was established with SNI.2Hz EA was administered at ipsilateral points Zusanli (ST36) and Kunlun (BL60) once every day for consecutive 14 days.Paw withdrawal threshold(PWT)was tested to determine mechanical allodynia.The levels of TRPV1, p-TRPV1 and protein kinase C (PKC) in ipsilateral (SCDH) were tested by western blotting.TRPV1 and PKC expressions were measured by immunofluorescence.[Results] Rats in SNI group developed spontaneous pain at maintenance period of neuropathic pain and showed a significant reduction in PWT (P<0.01).The ipsilateral (SCDH) TRPV1 level and PKC level both increased (P<0.01), while p-TRPV1 level had nosignificant changes(P>0.05).Rats in sham SNI group had no obvious changes.2Hz EA up-regulated SNI rats PWT (P<0.01), reduced ipsilateral (SCDH) TRPV1 level and PKC level.[Conclusion] SCDH TRPV1 activation is mainly through its enhancement of expression.Electroacupuncture with low frequency could alleviate neuropathic pain during the maintenance period, which may be related to the down-regulation of TRPV 1 signal transduction pathway which mediated by PKC.