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Background Recurrence is a major cause of treatment failure after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for acute leukemia,and subsequential treatment options are very limited.Aims We evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of cytarabine and aclarubicin combined with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor priming (CAG regimen),consisting of concurrent use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) with low-dose cytarabine and aclarubicin,as a salvage therapy for acute leukemia patients who relapsed after allo-HSCT.