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Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize the immunological features responsible for improved treatment responses in 77 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) treated with peginterferon (Peg IFN) alfa-2a after switching them from entecavir (ETV) therapy.Design: Peripheral natural killer (NK) cells, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), T cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs) and programmed death 1 (PD-1) were evaluated dynamically by flow cytometry.Response was defined as hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss, and HBsAg seroconversion (either as singular events or in combination at week 48)