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The addition of O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to the side chain hydroxyl groups of serine/threonine on nucleocytoplasmic proteins is a distinctive, ubiquitous, and essential post-translational modification in higher eukaryotes.Since the discovery of O-GlcNAc in 1984, hundreds of proteins, from virtually every protein functional class, have been detected to be O-GlcNAc modified.