一、前言 材料是发展工业、农业、国防和科学技术的重要物质基础,与四个现代化的关系极为密切。在国外,已将材料与能源、信息并列为现代科学技术的三大支柱,并把一个国家材料的品种、质量和产量,看作是直接衡量其经济发展和科学技术水平的标志。 I. Preface Materials are an important material basis for the development of industry, agriculture, national defense and science and technology, and their relations with the four modernizations are extremely close. In foreign countries, the three major pillars of modern science and technology have been listed as materials, energy and information, and the variety, quality and output of a national material have been regarded as signs of directly measuring its economic development and science and technology.