Abnormal α-synuclein(α-syn)expression and aggregation have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinsons disease(PD),dementia with Lewy bodies(DLB),and Alzheimers disease(AD).
Aging is associated with an increased risk for Parkinsons disease(PD)and dementia with Lewy bodies(DLB),in which alpha-synuclein(α-syn)oligomerization plays key pathogenic roles.
The systemic rotenone model of PD accurately replicates many aspects of the pathology of human PD.However,the major limitation of the rotenone model has been its variability in terms of the extend of
Objective Alzheimers disease(AD)is the most common type of dementia,which seriously affects the life quality of the elderly,but no effective treatment is found up to now.
Non-motor symptoms are of vital importance in Parkinsons disease(PD)in recent years,among which cardiovascular dysfunctions are commonly seen in PD patients before their motor signs.
Mutations in the ATP13A2 gene(PARK9)cause autosomal recessive,juvenile-onset Kufor-Rakeb syndrome(KRS),a neurodegenerative disease characterized by parkinsonism.