Objective Several lines of evidence suggest that the melanopsin-expressing,intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells(ipRGCs)are more injury-resistant than conventional ganglion cells.Recent studies have revealed multiple subtypes of ipRGCs with distinct molecular,anatomical and physiological features.We sought to determine whether ipRGCs possess resistant ability against diabetic retinopathy,and whether this ability is uniform among all ipRGC subtypes.