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十九世纪六十年代以前,西方学术界几乎一致认为:希腊、罗马的父权家庭是人类最古老的家庭形式。在他们看来,家庭好像根本没有经历过任何历史的发展,当然就谈不上过渡的问题。所以,恩格斯说:“家庭史的研究是从1861年,即巴霍芬的《母权论》出版的那一年开始的。”继巴霍芬之后,摩尔根于1877年发表了他的巨著——《古代社会》。他以美洲印第安人中存在的氏族组织和母系制度,批驳了父权制家庭是人类社会的出发点和永恒细胞的理论。马克思和恩格斯对《古代社会》一书,都进行过认真的研究,尤其是恩格斯写的《家庭、私有制和国家的起源》一书,影响遍及全世界。随之,也就引起了世界各国学者对母系氏族公社向父系氏族公社过渡问题的探讨。
Until the 1960s, Western academics almost agreed that the patriarchal families in Greece and Rome are the oldest forms of family in mankind. It seems to them that the family does not seem to have experienced any historical development at all, and of course it can not talk about the issue of transition. Therefore, Engels said: “The study of family history began with the publication of Babohine’s” Theories of Rights “in 1861.” After Mr. Bagholfing, Morgan published him in 1877 A masterpiece - “ancient society.” Based on the clan and matrilineal systems existing in the Native Americans, he refuted the patriarchal family as the starting point of human society and the theory of eternal cells. Marx and Engels studied earnestly the book Ancient Society, especially Engels’s book Family, Private Ownership and the Origin of the Nation, which has a worldwide influence. Subsequently, it also caused the scholars from all over the world to discuss the issue of the transition from matriarchal commune to patriarchal clan commune.