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本文使用非条件分位处理模型,利用农村固定观察点数据和新农合入户调查数据,全面考察了中国新型农村合作医疗政策的分布效应。结果表明,新农合对于不同分位人群收入的影响方向和大小有显著异质性。最低收入和少数最高收入人群在参合后收入水平受损,中高收入人群则从参合中获益。因而当前的新农合政策对低收入群体是不利的,没有起到很好地调节收入分配的作用。为充分发挥新农合的再分配效应,有必要对其缴费和报销政策等各项制度设计进行完善。
In this paper, we use the non-conditional quantile processing model to analyze the distributional effect of China’s new rural cooperative medical policy comprehensively using the data of rural fixed observation points and the data of the new rural cooperative household survey. The results show that the impact of NCMS on the income of different quantile directions and sizes have significant heterogeneity. The incomes of the lowest-paid and the highest-paid people are impaired after their participation, while middle and high-income earners benefit from their participation. Therefore, the current new rural cooperative medical policy is unfavorable to low-income groups and does not play a good role in regulating income distribution. In order to give full play to the redistribution effect of NCMS, it is necessary to improve the system design of its contributions and reimbursement policies.