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Predictive microbiology is an important area of food microbiology,and its essence lies in application of mathematical model to describe the behavior of microbiology under specific conditions.Predictive microbiology model could be used to predict the shelf life and contribute to the microbial risk assessment system for guaranteeing the food security and improving the public health.This review summarizes the history of predictive microbiology and the research hotspot of predictive microbiology.It emphatically introduces the application of molecular biology techniques in predictive microbiology,and expounds the concept and construction method of molecular predictive model.The application of other molecular biology techniques in predictive microbiology and molecular predictive model are also prospected.This review could provide comprehensive data for promoting the progress of predictive microbiology.