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The basic unit of chromatin structure is the nucleosome, consisting of histone octamers wrapped in 147 base pairs of DNA.Eukaryotic genomic DNA is assembled into nucleosomes and is further packaged into chromatin to achieve high compaction.Nucleosome positioning plays an important role in gene regulation, such as the initiation of transcription, alternative splicing and the termination of transcription.The mechanism behind these regulations is that nucleosomes can compete with protein factors and directly affect the accessibility of transcription factor and other processing factors to the DNA sequences.