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In order to maintain their malignant phenotype, neoplastic cells must neutralize most of their tumor suppressor (TSP) and growth regulatory (GRP) proteins.CRM1, also called exportin 1 (XPO1), is a key nuclear export protein which controls the location of multiple tumor suppressor (TSP) and growth regulatory (GRP) pathways including p53, PI3K/AKT/FOXO, Wnt/β-catenin/APC and NF-kB/IkB.Inappropriate cytoplasmic localization can abrogate TSP/GRP functions and render chemotherapies ineffective.