网络空间虽是一个虚拟空间,但互联网自由不是绝对的。互联网审查的现实必要性在于政治、社会、安全和控制互联网等多重因素;其多样性表现为各国往往通过法律、行政、技术和行业自律等手段开展互联网内容的过滤、屏蔽。尽管对互联网进行管理、开展互联网审查的依据是国家主权原则等国际法或国内法的主张,但互联网审查存在危及隐私权和言论自由等人权的可能性;而由于缺乏评判各国互联网审查的统一标准,有些国家的审查措施反映良好,而另一些国家的网络审查则遭到非议和批评;肆意地对别国的互联网审查状况进行评头论足,往往会引发有关国家间的对抗、而无益于其改进。有学者提出公开、透明、准确、有效等参考标准,来衡量各国开展互联网审查的合法性或合理性,但这些标准存在实施困难等问题、而难以推广。 Although cyberspace is a virtual space, the freedom of the Internet is not absolute. The realistic necessity of Internet censorship lies in multiple factors such as politics, society, security and the control of the Internet. Its diversity shows that countries often filter and block Internet content through legal, administrative, technological and industry self-regulation. Although the Internet is governed by the Internet censorship based on the principles of national sovereignty or other international law or domestic law, Internet censorship poses the potential of endangering human rights such as privacy and freedom of expression. However, due to the lack of uniform standards for judging Internet censorship in various countries, In some countries, the censorship measures are well reflected, while in others the internet censorship is criticized and criticized. The wanton criticism of the Internet censorship in other countries often leads to confrontation among the countries concerned, which is not conducive to its improvement. Some scholars have put forward open, transparent, accurate and effective reference standards to measure the legitimacy or rationality of Internet censorship in various countries. However, these standards have problems of implementation and are difficult to be promoted.