【摘 要】
：
The cost of products(i.e.Biofuels,Biochemicals,Biopharmaceuticals)from vegetable raw materials(as corn,wheat,rape,beet,cane etc)are mainly influenced by the
【出 处】
：
The 4th International Conference on Biomass Energy Technolog
论文部分内容阅读
The cost of products(i.e.Biofuels,Biochemicals,Biopharmaceuticals)from vegetable raw materials(as corn,wheat,rape,beet,cane etc)are mainly influenced by the cost of raw materials and the process cost.Separation technologies are often the main cost factor in the process cost.Membrane systems(RO,NF,UF,GS,PV,ED)are able to reduce the energy and also the raw material requirements considerably.Especially the combination of various separation technologies(i.e.NF,UF/Destillation/Pervaporation)can result into an important reduction of energy,investment and operation cost as well as into an environmentally friendly operation.In the paper various examples are given for membrane enhanced hybrid systems for the production of biofuels and biochemicals with important cost,energy and/or raw material savings.
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