【摘 要】
：
氮肥的施用对提高粮食产量发挥着至关重要的作用.随着大量氮肥的使用和畜牧粪便的排放,近一二十年,人们开始认识到过量氮肥对生态环境的负面影响.其中,过量铵态氮对农业和生
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氮肥的施用对提高粮食产量发挥着至关重要的作用.随着大量氮肥的使用和畜牧粪便的排放,近一二十年,人们开始认识到过量氮肥对生态环境的负面影响.其中,过量铵态氮对农业和生态系统的影响尤其明显.植物铵毒害现象本是个传统的农业生产问题,然而当前呈现出与传统的明显不同的特征,即,随着土壤铵的累积和铵沉降的增加,植物不仅需要应对根部高铵,更需要面对先前未曾碰到过的自于地上部的铵胁迫.已有大量长期定位实验表明过量铵沉降不仅抑制植物生长降低产量,还能明显改变植物种群数量,甚至导致敏感物种的灭绝.
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