仿生设计是一种新的建筑教学方法论,它替代了模型设计或从既有建筑类型中寻求解决方案的方法。仿生设计最直接的优势在于,它提供了关于自然功能的根本信息,以便将自然界的结构法则应用在建筑中。仿生过程能够为居住空间的形成、建筑系统的功能组织,以及建筑本身的生成逻辑提供原始的工具。仿生方法在建筑中的应用是一种基于自然现象观察规律的过程。天津大学建筑学院的一个建筑设计教学组应用了仿生学方法。其核心目的是通过创新性的实践、分析和研究,来寻找新的解决问题的方法。教学过程可以分为三个主要阶段:分析自然过程,找到现象背后的结构规律,将其应用在建筑设计中。鉴于该方法的复杂性,有必要在发现并分析自然过程的阶段保持科学的严谨性,而避免学生个人的杜撰。经过一番探索,学生们就可以根据自己的理解提炼出自然过程的规律,并应用在他们的设计方案中。由于该方法的复杂性,这一过程很难通过计算机工具来实现,实体模型是惟一能够提供最接近的解决方案的工具。尽管计算机很有用,但是它不能适用于所用情况,尤其是那些试图将仿生与结构目的相结合的方案。总之,仿生设计方法能够更新建筑教学和方案产生的过程,提供形式、功能、结构、空间、造价和性能的完美结合。 Bionic Design is a new methodology of architectural teaching that takes the place of model design or the search for solutions from existing building types. The most immediate advantage of bionic design is that it provides fundamental information about natural functions in order to apply the laws of nature in the building. Bionic processes provide the original tools for the formation of living spaces, the functional organization of building systems, and the building logic of the building itself. The application of bionic methods in architecture is a process of observing the laws based on natural phenomena. A architectural design teaching team at Tianjin University School of Architecture applied a bionics approach. Its core purpose is to find new ways to solve the problem through innovative practice, analysis and research. The teaching process can be divided into three main stages: analyzing the natural process, finding the structural rules behind the phenomenon and applying it to the architectural design. In view of the complexity of this method, it is necessary to maintain scientific rigor during the process of discovering and analyzing natural processes, while avoiding the personal fabrication of students. After some exploration, students can refine the laws of natural processes according to their own understanding and apply them to their design solutions. Because of the complexity of this approach, this process is difficult to implement through computer tools, which are the only tools that provide the closest solution. Although computers are useful, it does not apply to the situation, especially those that try to combine bionic and structural purposes. In short, the bionic design method can update the process of building teaching and programs to provide the perfect combination of form, function, structure, space, cost and performance.