Disabled people often have difficulties in conveying their intentions to assistive vehicles,which can transport them to desired destinations,and a brain-computer interface(BCI)-based vehicle destination selection system may help them use such vehicles.However,real world driving often exposes the system to various illumination and noise environments and their effects on the performance of the selection system remain a question.The goal of this paper was to investigate this question by examining the effects of three levels of illumination and two levels of background noise on the accuracy of the selection system and user preference rating.Experimental results from twelve participants showed that illumination did not have a significant effect on accuracy,although users preferred the low illumination level to others.However,noise significantly affected the system accuracy and user preference rating,with lower noise leading to higher accuracy and user preference rating.Furthermore,we analyzed the physiological basis for these effects on the accuracy.The study can not only provide some insights into the application of the P300 BCI-based vehicle destination system in practice,but also facilitate the research on the effects of environmental factors on the performance of a P300 BCI system.