The study attempts to observe the historical evolution and the new trend of Russia’s Persian Gulf policy in the Post-Cold War Era.The period of time observed in this study includes events of end 20th century till present time.Political and economic relations of Russia connect with countries of the Persian Gulf region.The countries of the region mentioned above,such as KSA,Bahrain,Kuwait,Oman,Qatar and UAE are mainly one of the most important areas of Russian foreign policy.This research observed and described Russia’s foreign policy towards the Persian Gulf region in a particular period of time,the causes of evolution and its implications.Therefore,the possible challenges and prospects of Russia’s new Persian Gulf policy are described.The conclusion of this study includes facts obtained during the research.Russia,as a one of the world’s power,looking for a partnership with countries which share the concept of multipolar word.The methodology of this paper is based on analyzing and generalizing the theory of political processes,geopolitics,foreign policy,international relations,conflictology,general and comparative political science of Russian and foreign authors.The concept“Big Middle East”of G.Kissinger and“multipolar word”of J.Navem had a great methodological significance for this research.Practical work on launching the process of establishing a security system in the Persian Gulf area could begin through consultations on a bilateral and multilateral basis among interested parties,which include regional and non-regional countries.