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1975—1977年中美贸易额下降的原因可以从两方面来解释,一方面由于中国对美出口额增长缓慢,这主要是由国内落后的生产决定的;另一方面,是美国对华出口额的急速下降,这是导致此次贸易低谷的主要原因,而其中的主导因素是中国单方面大幅度削减甚至取消了占据中美贸易重要地位的农产品进口订单。这个决定既有中国“以农为本,避免依赖进口”的粮食政策在1975年取得成效的因素,又是两国政治大背景的产物。一系列的政治因素在此问题上扮演着更为深层、长远和间接的作用。本文希望通过对中美贸易第一次低谷的研究使这段历史更加清晰,并为当今中美贸易提供一些启示。
The reasons for the decline of Sino-US trade volume between 1975 and 1977 can be explained in two aspects. On the one hand, the slow growth of China’s exports to the United States is determined mainly by the country’s backward production; on the other hand, the U.S. exports to China Which is the main reason for the downturn in the trade. One of the major factors is that China has drastically reduced or even canceled the import orders for agricultural products occupying an important position in the trade between China and the United States. This decision is both a factor of China’s achievement of “food-oriented and avoid dependence on imports” in 1975 and a product of the political background of the two countries. A series of political factors play a more profound, long-term and indirect role on this issue. This article hopes to make this history clearer by studying the first trough of Sino-U.S. Trade and provide some enlightenment for the Sino-U.S. Trade today.