双断根嫁接对甜瓜生长发育及生理特性的影响

来源 :山东农业大学 | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:xuxuwanju
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甜瓜(Cucumis melo L.)在世界园艺产业中占有重要地位,在国内外广泛栽培,是重要的经济作物之一。中国是世界甜瓜生产大国,我国甜瓜栽培面积逐年扩大,并逐步形成规模化生产,由于连年重茬,枯萎病等土传病害发生严重,轻者导致产量下降,重者则绝产。因此,甜瓜生产上防治枯萎病等土传病害的发生是栽培管理的重要环节。土传病虫害的防治方法目前主要有轮作、药剂防治、选用抗病品种和嫁接换根栽培等措施,随着甜瓜种植面积的不断扩大,种植年份的不断增加,倒茬轮作越来越难,并且迄今为止,在各种防治土传病害的措施中,嫁接栽培是克服甜瓜连作障碍最简单有效的措施之一。本试验以‘全能铁甲’为砧木,以厚皮甜瓜品种‘M101’和‘M135’为接穗,研究了双断根嫁接对甜瓜幼苗嫁接成活率、生理生化特性、果实品质的影响。以‘全能铁甲’为砧木,以‘M101’为接穗,研究了双断根嫁接中砧木扦插深度对甜瓜生长发育的影响。主要结果如下:1、双断根嫁接苗的嫁接成活率高于插接苗。品种‘M101’和‘M135’双断根嫁接成活率分别比插接苗成活率高4.7个百分点和2.3个百分点。从嫁接苗的株高、茎粗、干物质积累和叶片生长速率、根冠比等综合比较,嫁接苗显著优于自根苗,双断根嫁接苗优于插接苗。2、嫁接可以提高甜瓜幼苗的根系活力,双断根嫁接苗的根系活力高于插接苗。6叶1心时,品种‘M101’和‘M135’双断根嫁接苗的根系活力分别比插接苗高28.5%和17.3%。3、双断根嫁接提高了甜瓜叶片的生理活性。品种‘M101’和‘M135’叶片中抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性及渗透调节物质(脯氨酸)含量均高于插接苗和自根苗,2叶1心后嫁接苗丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于自根苗,双断根嫁接苗MDA含量略低于插接苗。4、甜瓜双断根嫁接苗1叶1心时叶绿素含量、光合速率低于自根苗,随着苗龄增加,叶片生长速率加快,叶绿素含量、光合速率逐渐接近自根苗,6叶1心时,同自根苗差异不显著。5、双断根嫁接提高了果实单果重,增加了果肉厚度。双断根嫁接苗果实的游离氨基酸、可溶性糖、维生素C含量比插接苗果实总体上略高,但差异不显著。6、采用双断根嫁接法明显节省成本。双断根嫁接在砧木播种和嫁接前移苗用工方面,显著比插接法用工少。在占地面积上双断根嫁接法可以节省91.2%,并且节省了管理所需的人工,降低了加温能耗,减少了肥、水、电的使用。7、砧木扦插不同深度对甜瓜植株生长发育产生影响。综合各个时期形态指标和生理特性表明,砧木插入基质2cm甜瓜植株长势最强。
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