【摘 要】
:
本文采用电化学方法,以阳极氧化铝膜(AAO)为模板,制备了一维半导体纳米线,对其形貌和结构进行了表征,并对制备过程的影响因素、形成机理及材料的性能进行了研究。采用恒电位沉
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本文采用电化学方法,以阳极氧化铝膜(AAO)为模板,制备了一维半导体纳米线,对其形貌和结构进行了表征,并对制备过程的影响因素、形成机理及材料的性能进行了研究。采用恒电位沉积法在预镀金的多孔阳极氧化铝模板中组装了Cu2O纳米线,XRD、SEM测试结果表明,制备的纳米线直径均匀,约120nm,长度约2μm。在紫外灯(365nm)照射下,Cu2O/AAO阵列体系的光电压响应为25mV。Cu2O/AAO阵列体系光照下分离光生电子与空穴的效率高,交流阻抗大大减小。通过恒电位沉积和高温氧化,在多孔阳极氧化铝模板中组装了NiO纳米线。SEM、XRD测试结果表明,得到的NiO纳米线直径约90 nm、长度约25μm,纳米线为面心立方结构,平均晶粒尺寸约50 nm。在紫外灯(365nm)照射、开路电位下,40V模板制备的NiO/AAO阵列的光电流为0.4μA,其光电压值比60V模板制备的大。由紫外-可见光谱知,NiO纳米线在300 nm370 nm之间的紫外光区域有强的吸收带。以AAO为模板,采用两种方法制备了ZnO纳米线。SEM测试结果表明,电沉积制备的Zn纳米线直径约90 nm,在800℃下氧化8 h后Zn纳米线转变为ZnO纳米线。硝酸锌电沉积法得到的ZnO纳米线长度较短,直径不均匀。高温氧化制备的ZnO纳米线与体相材料(吸收峰位置为372nm)相比,吸收峰发生明显的蓝移。采用电沉积和高温氧化法以多孔阳极氧化铝为模板,制备了两种p-n结纳米线阵列,制备的NiO/ZnO p-n结纳米线直径均匀,约90nm。Cu2O/ZnO p-n结纳米线阵列的光电流密度约10μA/cm2,真实光电流密度值比p-n结膜大。
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