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农村养老保险制度的建立是农村小康社会的重要内容和重要标志,建立农村社会保障制度有利于消除农村贫困和防止农民返贫。安徽省二元社会的一个重要方面是城乡居民社会保障不平等,社会保障向城市居民倾斜,在农村发展社会保障事业有利于改变这种状况,有利于安定农村社会生活和实现农村社会的政治稳定。十七大报告明确指出要“探索建立农村养老保险制度”。安徽省作为中部省份,研究安徽省的农村社会养老保险对于在全国范围内探索建立农村养老保险制度具有借鉴意义。本文运用公共政策理论,综合运用理论分析和系统研究相结合、规范分析与实证分析结合以及统计分析和制度分析相结合的方法,通过分析安徽农村社会养老保险现状问题,着力对策研究。通过分析安徽省现行农村社会养老保险存在的问题与面临的挑战,尝试从理论上提出解决目前农村社会养老保险存在问题的方法,力图构建一个与新农村建设相和谐、相匹配的农村社会养老保险制度。Establishment of the old-age insurance system in rural areas is a pivotalcontent and a symbol of rural well-off society.Construction of rural social security system isuseful to reduce rural poverty and prevent poverty backtracking.An important aspect of thedualistic society in Anhui province is the inequality of social security between urban and ruralresidents,and social security is partial to urban residents.The establishment of a rural socialsecurity system is advantageous to deal with the unfair problems existing in countryside,andis the guarantee of social and political stability in rural region.The Report of 17th PartyCongress points out clearly that "explore ways to set up an old-age insurance system in ruralareas." It would be of referential importance for nationwide research on the establishment of arural social security system to analyze the old-age insurance system in rural areas in Anhui,one of six provinces in the Centre China.Based on the analysis of existing problems and challenges of the old-age insurancesystem in rural areas in Anhui province,this dissertation employs,with the combinedapplication of public policy theory,various methods such as combination theory analysis withsystemically study,normative analysis with case study,to focus on putting forward theoreticalsolutions.This dissertation also attempts to establish an old-age insurance system in ruralareas by the solution which harmonize with and adapt to New Countryside Construction.