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市场经济最重要的原则是公平,公平也是信用的基础。
市场主要受价值规律的作用,但价格杠杆对市场的调控并不能直接导致市场公平、良俗的形成。只有在法制的引导和规范下,市场这只看不见的手才会指挥经济奏出优美、和谐的乐章。否则,这只手是一只乱舞的魔手,会把我们的经济引入歧途。
目前,我国信用确实问题越来越突出。要整肃市场,整顿经济秩序,构建公平和信用,必须政府行为强势介入。但这种介入必须建立在尊重价值规律的基础之上,是对市场的疏导而不是无端的围堵。
构建中国信用,笔者认为政府应从如下两个方面着手:一要全面清理、整顿企业,规范企业运作。目前,我国企业之间的“三角债” 已高达16000亿,企业假帐、假审计成风,企业之间欺诈现象严重,企业信用程度很低,为了避免被诈骗,经济交往甚至倒退到“以物换物”的原始状态。
企业信用的基础和标准是建立现代企业制度,其关键是要建立企业的退出机制,即企业破产制度。所以,一方面,要全面清理整顿企业,让没有注册资金、注册资金严重不实、资不抵债的不良企业主体退出市场,以实现市场主体的优化。另一方面要进一步完善社会保障体系,解决企业职工的生存问题和失业保障问题。
二要尊重和按照经济规律全面治理经济环境。长期以来,我国政府治理经济环境的力度不可谓不大,次数不可谓不多,但治理过后,收到的往往是层面上的效果,反弹的现象较多。
我们通常认为:“使游戏在规则下进行是一种政府责任”。我们不能把市场上出现假冒伪劣商品的原因归咎于广大消费者辨假、识假、打假的能力和意识不强,因为消费者与造假者之间存在“信息不对称”,消费者处于弱势地位,政府有责任和义务保护消费者。
历史学告诉我们,历史上每一次出现“恶文化”(可以理解为社会信用危机和道德、信仰危机),都是社会飞跃式进步的先兆。我们大可不必为目前社会信用的丧失而感到悲观和失望。党和国家在构建社会信用问题上已下了最大的决心,只要有党的坚强领导和安定团结的政治局面,我们一定会在不久的将来构建起“信用中国”。
Government Intervention - a Must in China‘s Effort to Reconstruct Social Credibility
Fairness is a cardinal principle for any market-oriented economy. It constitutes the basis of social credibility. But regulation of the market by means of the price lever does not automatically lead to fairness and good social conduct. It is only by using laws and government statutes to guide market operations and standardize them will it be possible for the market economy to achieve a sound development on the basis of fairness.
In China, erosion of social credibility is already a serious problem. Forcible intervention by the government is, therefore, a must in the country‘s effort to bring the Chinese market back to order and reconstruct fairness and social credibility. Nevertheless, such intervention must be based on respect for the law of value. It means guidance, not indiscriminate restriction.
The government should do two things in striving to reconstruct social credibility. The first is an all-round rectification of enterprises, with a view to standardizing their operations. The modern corporate system is the basis of corporate credibility. To establish this system, there is the need to institutionalize the so-called corporate withdrawal or bankruptcy. Rectification of enterprises is meant, in part, to optimize the structure of market subjects by letting inferior enterprises withdraw from the market - those without a registered capital, those proven to have seriously falsified their registered capital, and those in debts that outweigh their assets in value.
The second is for the government to base their work on respect for the law of value in striving to rectify the enterprises. We hold that the government has the responsibility to see to it that the games are played in strict accordance with established rules.
History tells us that a "vicious culture" invariably turns out to be the prelude to a new round of social progress. We shouldn‘t be disappointed and pessimistic about the erosion of social credibility we are witnessing in China, because the Party and government are now determined to reconstruct it.