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一、全球HIV感染和AIDS:据WHO估计,到1996年年中累计发生AIDS 700万例。现今HIV感染者人数更为惊人,约为2180万人,其中妇女占42%。到2000年HIV感染者将达4000～5000万。全球每天新增加HIV感染者约8500人,势态可谓严峻。现今,AIDS和HIV感染者的流行地区正在发生改变,已从原来的北美和西欧逐渐转向亚、非、拉的人口众多的发展中国家和地区。在约占世界总人口60%的亚洲地区,从1988年起,以泰国和印度为中心形成HIV暴发流行。最近资料指出,泰国HIV感染者超过70万人,印度超过200万人,并且HIV流行已波及近邻的缅甸、中国南部、柬埔寨、马来西亚和越南等地。亚洲地区发生如此大规模的流行,对构成其原因的HIV由来及传播特点也随着分子流行病学研究资料的积累,该地区HIV流行的全貌亦逐渐得到
First, the global HIV infection and AIDS: According to WHO estimates, by the middle of 1996, there have been 7 million AIDS cases. The number of HIV-infected people today is even more alarming, at about 21.8 million, of whom 42% are women. By 2000 HIV will reach 4000 to 50 million. About 8,500 people are newly infected with HIV in the world each day, and the situation is grim. Nowadays, the epidemic of AIDS and HIV infections is changing and has gradually shifted from North and West Europe to the populous developing countries and regions of Asia, Africa and Latin America. In the Asian region, which accounts for about 60% of the world’s total population, from 1988 onwards, the outbreak of HIV was centered around Thailand and India. According to recent data, more than 700,000 people are HIV-infected in Thailand and more than 2 million in India. And the HIV epidemic has spread to neighboring Myanmar, southern China, Cambodia, Malaysia and Vietnam. With such a large-scale epidemic in Asia, the origin and spread of HIV that characterizes its causes have also increased with the accumulation of molecular epidemiological data and the overall picture of HIV prevalence in the region has gradually been obtained