A geographic information system (GIS) is a hardware/software tool which is very effective in collecting,storing,searching,handling,and visualizing geographic da
Land resources are facing crises of being misused,especially foran intersectio n area between town and country,and land control has to be enforced.This paper pr
The problem of spatial mathematical basis has been encountered by both large sca le GIS and spatial digital products theoretically and practically.It is also a