我国经济体制改革已全面破题,成功的经验和失误的教训都很突出。由于人们对经验和教训的不同认识,引出对改革进一步推进的种种理论思路。华生等同志的“渐进式”战略与“完善双轨制”的推进思路(见《经济研究》1986年第2期,华生等的文章)笔者实不能苟同。如若那样,今后的改革必定是进一步的搁浅。对此,本文暂不去论及,而着重来阐述微观基础再构造问题,从对这一问题的不同认识方面同华生等同志探求推进改革的突破口。 一、也谈我们面临什么问题 1.总需求膨胀说明了什么?是的,这次需求总量增长过猛给改革带来更严重的困难,它对改革的关系,恰恰是没有彻底冲毁旧计划体制的“双轨制”所引起的。处处是“保四争五”层层加码的追求高速度,怎么能不膨胀? 这又有多少是按企业扩张意愿决策的呢?如果说消费膨胀的直接责任在企业,也正是“双轨制”结的恶果。企业运行机制没有“一揽子”转轨,新旧并行,一方面承认它追求自我利益的合法性,另方面却没有相应新的约束机制。显而易见,任何希望不彻底转换旧计划机制的渐进式改革,要想根除总需求膨胀,或多或少都是不切实际的。 2.可借鉴的东欧经验也无不证明这一点。匈牙利改革的“旷日持久”,恰恰说明它没有进行彻底的“一揽子”转轨,而实行了“双轨制”的渐进式。它 The reform of our economic system has been completely broken topic, the successful experience and mistakes are very prominent. Due to different people’s understanding of experience and lessons, various theoretical ideas that lead to the reform are further promoted. Watson and other comrades “gradual” strategy and the “perfect dual system” to promote ideas (see “Economic Research” No. 2 of 1986, Watson and other articles) I really can not agree. If so, future reforms must be further stalled. In this regard, this article will not be discussed, but focused on the micro-based reconstruction of the issue, from the different understanding of this issue with Watson and other comrades to explore the breakthrough in promoting reform. First, talk about what problems we face 1. What does the expansion of aggregate demand mean? Yes, this excessively large increase in demand has brought more serious difficulties to the reform. Its relationship with the reform precisely does not completely destroy the old Plan system caused by the “dual system.” How can we not expand? How much is the decision-making according to the enterprise’s expansionary intention? If the direct responsibility for the expansion of consumption is in the enterprise, it is also a “two-track system” Results of the knot. There is no “one package” transition mechanism for enterprise operation mechanism, and both old and new are parallel. On the one hand, it recognizes the legitimacy of its pursuit of self-interest while on the other it does not have a corresponding new restraint mechanism. Obviously, any incremental reform that does not hope to completely transform the old planning mechanism will be more or less impractical to eradicate the expansion in aggregate demand. 2. Can learn from the experience of Eastern Europe are all to prove this point. The “protracted” reform of Hungary shows precisely that it did not carry out a complete “one package” transition and that it implemented a “two-track system” of gradualism. it