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与市场转型理论争论收入与收入不平等的市场后果不同,本研究关注社会声望、政治身份等符号资源的分配在私营企业主内部的异质性。基于十次全国私营企业调查数据(1993—2012年),本研究发现在市场化过程中,私营企业主正积极地嵌入于正式的政治框架之中,通过潜分类模型可以将私营企业主按政治嵌入的复合模式划分为四类子群体:红色代表、普通党员、两会代表和低度嵌入企业主群体。私营企业主在经济、社会和政治维度上自认为居于中层,对政治地位的自我评价低于经济地位和社会地位;在历时变化上,主观地位评价呈现出低走趋势。在各个子群体中,红色代表群体的自我感觉最好,其次是两会代表群体,再次是普通党员群体,低度嵌入群体居最低位置。与此同时,地位认同在不同子群体内部趋向一致,这说明政治嵌入模式在地位认同上构成可靠的等级体系,可理解为一种符号分层。
In contrast to the market transition debate over the market consequences of inequality in income and income, this study focuses on the heterogeneity of the distribution of symbolic resources such as social prestige and political identity among private entrepreneurs. Based on ten survey data of private enterprises in the whole country (from 1993 to 2012), this study finds that in the process of marketization, private entrepreneurs are actively embedded in the formal political framework. Private enterprises owners can be classified according to politics Embedded composite model is divided into four sub-groups: the red representatives, ordinary members, representatives of the two sessions and a low degree of embedded business owners. In the economic, social and political dimensions, private entrepreneurs consider themselves to be in the middle class, and their self-evaluation of political status is lower than economic status and social status; in the diachronic changes, the subjective status appraisal shows a trend of downturn. Among the various sub-groups, the red represents the group’s best self-perception, the second is the representative group of the two sessions, the ordinary party member again, and the lowest-embedded group the lowest. At the same time, identity recognition tends to be consistent within different sub-groups, which shows that the political embedding model constitutes a reliable hierarchy in status recognition, which can be interpreted as a symbolic stratification.