水孔蛋白普遍存在于微生物、植物及动物界。哺乳动物体内已发现有 11种水孔蛋白。根据基因序列同源性、种系发育比较及通透特性可将水孔蛋白分为两类 ,即传统意义上的水孔蛋白以及甘油水孔蛋白。各种组织中都有水孔蛋白存在 ,但它们所担当的具体生理功能尚有区别。有些水孔蛋白表达异常还与某些疾病相关 ,如AQP2基因突变可导致肾性尿崩症 ,AQPap表达异常与肥胖、胰岛素抵抗关系密切。 Aquaporins are common in microorganisms, plants and animals. Eleven aquaporins have been found in mammals. According to the gene sequence homology, germline development and permeability characteristics of aquaporins can be divided into two categories, the traditional sense of the aquaporin and glycerol aquaporin. There are aquaporins in various tissues, but the specific physiological functions they bear are different. Some aquaporin abnormalities are also associated with certain diseases, such as AQP2 gene mutations can lead to nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, Abnormal expression of AQPap and obesity, insulin resistance are closely related.