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目的：观察正常大鼠延时吸入低浓度一氧化氮（ＮＯ）的毒副作用。方法：将大鼠置于ＮＯ吸入系统，分别吸入２０ｐｐｍ（１ｐｐｍ＝１／１０６）、４０ｐｐｍ、８０ｐｐｍ浓度ＮＯ，８ｈ／ｄ，对照组吸入自然空气，３周后，观察肺动脉压、颈动脉压、高铁血红蛋白含量和血气变化。取肺组织做光、电镜病理学检查。结果：各组大鼠高铁血红蛋白含量及血气指标均无明显差异。吸入８０ｐｐｍＮＯ的大鼠肺系数明显增加。吸入２０ｐｐｍＮＯ后，光、电镜下肺组织结构无异常；吸入４０ｐｐｍＮＯ后，光镜下偶见肺血管充血，轻度间质水肿；电镜下，血管内皮细胞下出现少量空泡；吸入８０ｐｐｍＮＯ后，除可见上述病理改变外，还可见局灶性肺泡内少量红细胞渗出、肺泡内水肿、肺间质炎。电镜下，可见少数Ｉ型和ＩＩ型肺泡上皮细胞线粒体嵴溶解、模糊，内质网扩张。结论：延长吸入时间，吸入２０ｐｐｍＮＯ无明显毒副作用。而吸入４０ｐｐｍ和８０ｐｐｍＮＯ可分别导致轻度和中度可逆性肺损伤。
Objective: To observe the toxic and side effects of delayed inhalation of low concentration of nitric oxide (NO) in normal rats. Methods: The rats were placed in NO inhalation system and were inhaled 20ppm (1ppm = 1/106), 40ppm, 80ppm NO, 8h / d respectively. The control group inhaled natural air. After 3 weeks, pulmonary arterial pressure, carotid artery pressure, Methemoglobin content and blood gas changes. Take lung tissue light, electron microscopy pathology. Results: There was no significant difference in methemoglobin content and blood gas index among all groups. Pulmonary coefficient of rats inhaled 80ppmNO significantly increased. Inhalation of 20ppmNO, light and electron microscopy lung tissue structure was normal; inhalation of 40ppmNO, occasionally pulmonary vascular congestion, mild interstitial edema; electron microscopy, a small amount of vascular endothelial cells vacuoles; inhalation of 80ppmNO, except Visible above the pathological changes, but also visible a small number of focal alveolar erythema exudate, alveolar edema, interstitial lung inflammation. Electron microscope, we can see a small number of type I and type II alveolar epithelial mitochondrial cristae dissolved, fuzzy, endoplasmic reticulum dilation. Conclusion: prolonged inhalation time, inhalation 20ppmNO no obvious side effects. Inhalation of 40 ppm and 80 ppm NO, respectively, resulted in mild and moderate reversible lung injury.