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目的：研究碘缺乏与碘过多对Wistar大鼠甲状腺结构的体视学影响。方法：将Wistar大鼠随机分为三组，适碘组（对照组NI）、高碘组（HI）、低碘组（LI），观察喂养24周甲状腺结构的体视学改变。应用MIAS－2000型图像分析系统，对大鼠甲状腺滤泡及滤泡胜进行形态定量测定及分析，每例分析150－200个滤泡及滤泡腔，获得7项体视学参数（平均体积、平均表面积、比表面积S／V、数密度Nv、体密度Vv、表面积密度Sv、球形因子SF）和1项滤泡截面积的定量参数。结果：低碘组滤泡及滤泡腔的SF、Vv均明显小于对照组，而S／V、Nv、Sv明显高于对照组，上皮细胞体积明显增大；高碘组滤泡在实验过程中无明显改变，而滤泡腔的均明显小于对照组，上皮细胞体积增大，滤泡的平均体积及平均表面积与对照组无明显差别，但偏大滤泡所占比例增多。结论：碘缺乏导致Wistar大鼠小滤泡增生性甲肿改变，而碘过多在本次实验中未形成甲肿，但随碘过多时间的延长，滤泡腔变小，上皮细胞增生肥大。
Objective: To study the stereological effects of iodine deficiency and iodine excess on thyroid structure in Wistar rats. Methods: The Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: NI group, NI group, HI group and LI group. The changes of the thyroid structure in 24 weeks were observed. The morphology and quantitative determination and analysis of thyroid follicles and follicles in rats were performed using the MIAS-2000 image analysis system. 150-200 follicles and follicular cavities were analyzed in each case, and 7 stereological parameters (average volume , Average surface area, specific surface area S / V, number density Nv, volume density Vv, surface area density Sv, spherical factor SF) and 1 follicular cross-sectional area. Results: The SF and Vv of follicular and follicular cavities in low iodine group were significantly lower than those in control group, but S / V, Nv and Sv were significantly higher than those in control group, while the volume of epithelial cells was significantly increased. No significant change in the follicular cavity was significantly smaller than the control group, the epithelial cells increased in size, the average volume of follicles and the average surface area of the control group no significant difference, but the proportion of large follicles increased. Conclusions: Iodine deficiency leads to the change of small follicular hyperplastic breast enlargement in Wistar rats. However, excessive iodine does not form any gut enlargement in this experiment. However, as the iodine excess time prolongs, the follicular cavity becomes smaller and the epithelial cell hyperplasia and hypertrophy .